Periodic Table/Europium
← SmGd →
63Eu151.9640 Da

Europium

Lanthanide·Period 6·f-block

Soft silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Eu-151 and Eu-153 are the only two stable isotopes, both of which are Neutron absorbers. Discovered in 1889 by Sir William Crookes.

Gallery

Weakly Oxidized Europium, hence slightly yellowish. 1.5 grams, large piece 0.6 x 1.6 cm.

Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/europium.php

Bohr model of Europium

Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal

Atomic Mass

151.9640Da

Density

5.2400g/cm³

Phase (STP)

Solid

Melting Point

1095.2K

Boiling Point

1802.2K

Molar Heat

0.1820J/(mol·K)

Crystal Structure

BCC

Lattice Constant

4.610Å

Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals

Atomic (Empirical)

185.00pm

Covalent

168.00pm

Van der Waals

235.00pm

Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity

Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f7 6s2

Electron Shells

2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2

Electronegativity

—

Electron Affinity

0.9kJ/mol

1st Ionization Energy

5.7kJ/mol

Oxidation States

+2, +3

Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion

↑↓
1s2
↑↓
2s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
2p6
↑↓
3s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3d10
↑↓
4s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4d10
↑↓
5s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
5p6
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
4f7
↑↓
6s2

Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f7 6s2Short: [Xe] 4f7 6s2

Ionization Energies (63 known)

1st5.7 kJ/mol2nd11.2 kJ/mol3rd24.8 kJ/mol4th42.9 kJ/mol5th63.2 kJ/mol6th89.0 kJ/mol7th105.0 kJ/mol8th120.0 kJ/mol9th144.0 kJ/mol10th161.0 kJ/mol11th183.0 kJ/mol12th213.0 kJ/mol13th243.0 kJ/mol14th263.0 kJ/mol15th281.0 kJ/mol16th311.0 kJ/mol17th344.4 kJ/mol18th518.0 kJ/mol19th553.0 kJ/mol20th590.0 kJ/mol21th630.0 kJ/mol22th667.0 kJ/mol23th709.0 kJ/mol24th755.0 kJ/mol25th795.0 kJ/mol26th838.0 kJ/mol27th879.0 kJ/mol28th1037.0 kJ/mol29th1078.0 kJ/mol30th1124.0 kJ/mol31th1167.0 kJ/mol32th1249.0 kJ/mol33th1296.0 kJ/mol34th1406.0 kJ/mol35th1456.1 kJ/mol36th2495.0 kJ/mol37th2591.0 kJ/mol38th2697.0 kJ/mol39th2807.0 kJ/mol40th2914.0 kJ/mol41th3022.0 kJ/mol42th3168.0 kJ/mol43th3279.0 kJ/mol44th3398.0 kJ/mol45th3510.0 kJ/mol46th3823.0 kJ/mol47th3921.0 kJ/mol48th4031.0 kJ/mol49th4131.0 kJ/mol50th4400.0 kJ/mol51th4513.0 kJ/mol52th4729.0 kJ/mol53th4838.0 kJ/mol54th10880.0 kJ/mol55th11153.0 kJ/mol56th11457.0 kJ/mol57th11739.0 kJ/mol58th12718.0 kJ/mol59th13050.0 kJ/mol60th13462.0 kJ/mol61th13738.6 kJ/mol62th55865.9 kJ/mol63th57120.6 kJ/molSuccessive Ionization Energies

Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines

459
463
520
Eu emission
380nm750nm
459.4 nm(100%)462.7 nm(70%)520.0 nm(30%)

Abundanceby mass

🌍Earth's Crust
2.0 ppm
🌊Ocean
1.3e-7 ppm
✨Universe
500.0 ppt
🧬Human Body—

Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass

Biological Role

No biological role

No known biological role.

Discovery

Discovered By

Eugène Demarçay

Named By

—

Year

1901

Nuclear Data

Known Isotopes

41

Stable Isotopes

2

Stable Mass Numbers

153, 170

Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)

Isotopes of Eu41 known

NuclideZNMass (AMU)Half-lifeDecayJπAbundance
130Eu6367129.9640221.00 msp (1%), β⁺, β⁺p1+—
131Eu6368130.95763417.8 msp (0.89%), β⁺, β⁺p3/2+—
132Eu6369131.954696Unknownβ⁺, β⁺p, p (0%)1+—
151Eu6388150.9198574600000000 Gyα (1%)5/2+4781.0000%
153Eustable6390152.921237Stablestable (1%)5/2+5219.0000%
168Eu63105167.957863200 msβ⁻ (1%), β⁻n6-—
169Eu63106168.961717Unknownβ⁻5/2+—
170Eustable63107169.966870Stableβ⁻, β⁻n——

Click any isotope for its full page with decay chain:

130Eu131Eu132Eu133Eu134Eu135Eu136Eu137Eu138Eu139Eu140Eu141Eu142Eu143Eu144Eu145Eu146Eu147Eu148Eu149Eu150Eu151Eu152Eu153Eu154Eu155Eu156Eu157Eu158Eu159Eu160Eu161Eu162Eu163Eu164Eu165Eu166Eu167Eu168Eu169Eu170Eu
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