Lithium
Socket silvery metal. First member of group 1 of the periodic table. Lithium salts are used in psychomedicine.
Gallery
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Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal
Atomic Mass
6.9400Da
Density
0.5340g/cm³
Phase (STP)
Solid
Melting Point
453.6K
Boiling Point
1615.2K
Molar Heat
3.5820J/(mol·K)
Crystal Structure
BCC
Lattice Constant
3.490Å
Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals
Atomic (Empirical)
145.00pm
Covalent
133.00pm
Van der Waals
182.00pm
Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s
Electron Shells
2, 1
Electronegativity
0.98Pauling
Electron Affinity
0.6kJ/mol
1st Ionization Energy
5.4kJ/mol
Oxidation States
+1
Ionization Energies (3 known)
Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines
Abundanceby mass
Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass
Biological Role
Lithium salts used to treat bipolar disorder. No known biological role.
Discovery
Discovered By
Johann Arfwedson
Named By
—
Year
1817
Nuclear Data
Known Isotopes
11
Stable Isotopes
3
Stable Mass Numbers
6, 7, 12
Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)
Isotopes of Li11 known
| Nuclide | Z | N | Mass (AMU) | Half-life | Decay | Jπ | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3Li | 3 | 0 | 3.030775 | Unknown | p | 3/2- | — |
| 4Li | 3 | 1 | 4.027186 | Unknown | p (1%) | 2- | — |
| 5Li | 3 | 2 | 5.012538 | Unknown | p (1%) | 3/2- | — |
| 6Listable | 3 | 3 | 6.015123 | Stable | stable (1%) | 1+ | 485.0000% |
| 7Listable | 3 | 4 | 7.016003 | Stable | stable (1%) | 3/2- | 9515.0000% |
| 11Li | 3 | 8 | 11.043724 | 8.75 ms | β⁻ (1%), β⁻n (0.863%), 2n (0.040999999999999995%), 3n (0.019%), β⁻α (0.017%), B-d (0.00013%), B-t (0.000093%) | 3/2- | — |
| 12Listable | 3 | 9 | 12.052614 | Stable | n | 1- | — |
| 13Li | 3 | 10 | 13.061172 | 3.30 zs | 2n (1%) | 3/2- | — |