Platinum
Attractive greyish-white metal. When pure, it is malleable and ductile. Does not oxidize in air, insoluble in hydrochloric and nitric acid. Corroded by halogens, cyandies, sulphur and alkalis. Hydrogen and Oxygen react explosively in the presence of platinumpy. There are six stable isotopes and three radioisotopes, the most stable being Pt-193 with a half-life of 60 years. Platinum is used in jewelry, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts, dentistry, and anti-pollution devices in cars. PtCl2(NH3)2 is used to treat some forms of cancer. Platinum-Cobalt alloys have magnetic properties. It is also used in the definition of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode. Discovered by Antonio de Ulloa in South America in 1735. The name comes from the Spanish word platina which means silver. Platinum metal is generally not a health concern due to its unreactivity, however platinum compounds should be considered highly toxic.
Gallery
Periodictableru, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal
Atomic Mass
195.0840Da
Density
21.5000g/cm³
Phase (STP)
Solid
Melting Point
2041.3K
Boiling Point
4098.1K
Molar Heat
0.1330J/(mol·K)
Crystal Structure
FCC
Lattice Constant
3.920Å
Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals
Atomic (Empirical)
135.00pm
Covalent
123.00pm
Van der Waals
213.00pm
Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s
Electron Shells
2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1
Electronegativity
2.20Pauling
Electron Affinity
2.1kJ/mol
1st Ionization Energy
9.0kJ/mol
Oxidation States
0, +2, +4, +5, +6
Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion
Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d9 6s1Short: [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s
Ionization Energies (78 known)
Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines
Abundanceby mass
Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass
Biological Role
No known biological role. Cisplatin (Pt complex) is a key chemotherapy drug.
Discovery
Discovered By
Julius Scaliger
Named By
—
Year
1735
Nuclear Data
Known Isotopes
44
Stable Isotopes
5
Stable Mass Numbers
192, 194, 195, 196, 198
Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)
Isotopes of Pt44 known
| Nuclide | Z | N | Mass (AMU) | Half-life | Decay | Jπ | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 165Pt | 78 | 87 | 164.999658 | 370 μs | α (1%) | 7/2- | — |
| 166Pt | 78 | 88 | 165.994866 | 294 μs | α (1%) | 0+ | — |
| 167Pt | 78 | 89 | 166.992750 | 915 μs | α (1%) | 7/2- | — |
| 190Pt | 78 | 112 | 189.959950 | 483 Gy | α (1%), 2β⁺ | 0+ | 1.2000% |
| 192Ptstable | 78 | 114 | 191.961043 | Stable | α | 0+ | 78.2000% |
| 194Ptstable | 78 | 116 | 193.962683 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 3286.4000% |
| 195Ptstable | 78 | 117 | 194.964794 | Stable | α | 1/2- | 3377.5000% |
| 196Ptstable | 78 | 118 | 195.964955 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 2521.1000% |
| 198Ptstable | 78 | 120 | 197.967897 | Stable | 2β⁻, α | 0+ | 735.6000% |
| 206Pt | 78 | 128 | 205.990080 | Unknown | β⁻, β⁻n | 0+ | — |
| 207Pt | 78 | 129 | 206.995556 | Unknown | β⁻, β⁻n | 9/2+ | — |
| 208Pt | 78 | 130 | 207.999463 | Unknown | β⁻, β⁻n | 0+ | — |