Periodic Table/Rutherfordium
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104Rf267 Da

Rutherfordium

Transition Metal·Period 7, Group 4·s-block

Radioactive transactinide element. Expected to have similar chemical properties to those displayed by hafnium. Rf-260 was discovered by the Joint Nuclear Research Institute at Dubna (U.S.S.R.) in 1964. Researchers at Berkeley discovered Unq-257 and Unq-258 in 1964.

Gallery

Decay traces in a spark chamber, not of rutherfordium, but of a pion. This is a completely different, unrelated particle, but the decay of rutherfordium would make streaks there, too.

Image © CERN, Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/rutherfordium.php

Bohr model of Rutherfordium

Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal

Atomic Mass

267Da

Density

23.3000g/cm³

Phase (STP)

Solid

Melting Point

—

Boiling Point

—

Molar Heat

—

Crystal Structure

—

Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals

Atomic (Empirical)

—

Covalent

157.00pm

Van der Waals

—

Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity

Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2

Electron Shells

2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2

Electronegativity

—

Electron Affinity

—

1st Ionization Energy

6.0kJ/mol

Oxidation States

+4

Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion

↑↓
1s2
↑↓
2s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
2p6
↑↓
3s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3d10
↑↓
4s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4d10
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4f14
↑↓
5s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
5p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
5d10
↑↓
6s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
6p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
5f14
↑
↑
6d2
↑↓
7s2

Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 5f14 6d2 7s2Short: [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2

Ionization Energies (69 known)

1st6.0 kJ/mol2nd14.3 kJ/mol3rd23.8 kJ/mol4th31.9 kJ/mol5th64.0 kJ/mol6th77.0 kJ/mol7th102.0 kJ/mol8th119.0 kJ/mol9th146.1 kJ/mol10th169.0 kJ/mol11th193.0 kJ/mol12th225.0 kJ/mol13th244.0 kJ/mol14th275.0 kJ/mol15th791.0 kJ/mol16th825.0 kJ/mol17th860.0 kJ/mol18th899.0 kJ/mol19th936.0 kJ/mol20th972.0 kJ/mol21th1036.0 kJ/mol22th1073.0 kJ/mol23th1114.0 kJ/mol24th1151.0 kJ/mol25th3857.0 kJ/mol26th3938.0 kJ/mol27th4025.0 kJ/mol28th4116.0 kJ/mol29th4203.0 kJ/mol30th4287.0 kJ/mol31th4489.0 kJ/mol32th4580.0 kJ/mol33th4670.0 kJ/mol34th4760.0 kJ/mol35th5130.0 kJ/mol36th5210.0 kJ/mol37th5300.0 kJ/mol38th5390.0 kJ/mol39th6100.0 kJ/mol40th6200.0 kJ/mol41th6470.0 kJ/mol42th6570.0 kJ/mol43th10170.0 kJ/mol44th10360.0 kJ/mol45th10560.0 kJ/mol46th10780.0 kJ/mol47th10980.0 kJ/mol48th11180.0 kJ/mol49th11750.0 kJ/mol50th11960.0 kJ/mol51th12200.0 kJ/mol52th12410.0 kJ/mol53th13010.0 kJ/mol54th13190.0 kJ/mol55th13400.0 kJ/mol56th13600.0 kJ/mol57th15800.0 kJ/mol58th16000.0 kJ/mol59th16400.0 kJ/mol60th16700.0 kJ/mol61th33100.0 kJ/mol62th33600.0 kJ/mol63th34100.0 kJ/mol64th34600.0 kJ/mol65th42700.0 kJ/mol66th43400.0 kJ/mol67th44300.0 kJ/mol68th174265.0 kJ/mol69th177142.0 kJ/molSuccessive Ionization Energies

Abundanceby mass

Biological Role

No biological role

Synthetic, radioactive element. No biological role.

Discovery

Discovered By

A. Ghiorso, et al

Named By

—

Year

1969

Nuclear Data

Known Isotopes

16

Stable Isotopes

0

Stable Mass Numbers

None

Isotopes of Rf16 known

NuclideZNMass (AMU)Half-lifeDecayJπAbundance
253Rf104149253.10052813.0 msSF (1%), α7/2—
254Rf104150254.10005522.9 μsSF (1%), α (0.015%)0+—
255Rf104151255.1012671.63 sα (0.528%), SF (0.47200000000000003%), β⁺ (0.06%)9/2-—
266Rf104162266.118236Unknownα, SF0+—
267Rf104163267.1217872.50 hSF (1%)——
268Rf104164268.123968Unknownα, SF0+—

Click any isotope for its full page with decay chain:

253Rf254Rf255Rf256Rf257Rf258Rf259Rf260Rf261Rf262Rf263Rf264Rf265Rf266Rf267Rf268Rf
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