Titanium
White metallic transition element. Occurs in numerous minerals. Used in strong, light corrosion-resistant alloys. Forms a passive oxide coating when exposed to air. First discovered by Gregor in 1789.
Gallery
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Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal
Atomic Mass
47.8670Da
Density
4.5060g/cm³
Phase (STP)
Solid
Melting Point
1943.2K
Boiling Point
3560.2K
Molar Heat
0.5230J/(mol·K)
Crystal Structure
HEX
Lattice Constant
2.950Å
Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals
Atomic (Empirical)
140.00pm
Covalent
136.00pm
Van der Waals
211.00pm
Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Electron Shells
2, 8, 10, 2
Electronegativity
1.54Pauling
Electron Affinity
0.1kJ/mol
1st Ionization Energy
6.8kJ/mol
Oxidation States
-2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion
Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2Short: [Ar] 3d2 4s2
Ionization Energies (22 known)
Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines
Abundanceby mass
Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass
Biological Role
No known biological role. Biocompatible — used in surgical implants and dental prostheses.
Discovery
Discovered By
William Gregor
Named By
—
Year
1791
Nuclear Data
Known Isotopes
29
Stable Isotopes
7
Stable Mass Numbers
37, 38, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50
Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)
Isotopes of Ti29 known
| Nuclide | Z | N | Mass (AMU) | Half-life | Decay | Jπ | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 37Tistable | 22 | 15 | 37.027021 | Stable | p | 1/2+ | — |
| 38Tistable | 22 | 16 | 38.012206 | Stable | 2p | 0+ | — |
| 39Ti | 22 | 17 | 39.002684 | 28.5 ms | β⁺ (1%), β⁺p (0.937%), 2p | 3/2+ | — |
| 46Tistable | 22 | 24 | 45.952626 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 825.0000% |
| 47Tistable | 22 | 25 | 46.951757 | Stable | stable (1%) | 5/2- | 744.0000% |
| 48Tistable | 22 | 26 | 47.947941 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 7372.0000% |
| 49Tistable | 22 | 27 | 48.947864 | Stable | stable (1%) | 7/2- | 541.0000% |
| 50Tistable | 22 | 28 | 49.944786 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 518.0000% |
| 63Ti | 22 | 41 | 62.993709 | Unknown | β⁻, β⁻n, 2n | 1/2- | — |
| 64Ti | 22 | 42 | 63.998411 | Unknown | β⁻, β⁻n, 2n | 0+ | — |
| 65Ti | 22 | 43 | 65.005593 | Unknown | β⁻, β⁻n, 2n | 1/2- | — |