Periodic Table/Uranium
← PaNp →
92U238.0289 Da

Uranium

Actinide·Period 7·f-block

White radioactive metallic element belonging to the actinoids. Three natural isotopes, U-238, U-235 and U-234. Uranium-235 is used as the fuel for nuclear reactors and weapons. Discovered by Martin H. Klaproth in 1789.

Gallery

A biscuit of uranium metal after reduction via the Ames Process. c.1943.

Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Bohr model of Uranium

Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal

Atomic Mass

238.0289Da

Density

19.1000g/cm³

Phase (STP)

Solid

Melting Point

1408.2K

Boiling Point

4404.1K

Molar Heat

0.1160J/(mol·K)

Crystal Structure

ORC

Lattice Constant

2.850Å

Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals

Atomic (Empirical)

175.00pm

Covalent

170.00pm

Van der Waals

241.00pm

Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity

Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f3 6d 7s2

Electron Shells

2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2

Electronegativity

1.70Pauling

Electron Affinity

—

1st Ionization Energy

6.2kJ/mol

Oxidation States

+2, +3, +4, +5, +6

Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion

↑↓
1s2
↑↓
2s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
2p6
↑↓
3s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3d10
↑↓
4s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4d10
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4f14
↑↓
5s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
5p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
5d10
↑↓
6s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
6p6
↑
↑
↑
5f3
↑
6d1
↑↓
7s2

Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 5f3 6d1 7s2Short: [Rn] 5f3 6d 7s2

Ionization Energies (92 known)

1st6.2 kJ/mol2nd11.6 kJ/mol3rd19.8 kJ/mol4th36.7 kJ/mol5th46.0 kJ/mol6th62.0 kJ/mol7th89.0 kJ/mol8th101.0 kJ/mol9th116.0 kJ/mol10th128.9 kJ/mol11th158.0 kJ/mol12th173.0 kJ/mol13th210.0 kJ/mol14th227.0 kJ/mol15th323.0 kJ/mol16th348.0 kJ/mol17th375.0 kJ/mol18th402.0 kJ/mol19th431.0 kJ/mol20th458.0 kJ/mol21th497.0 kJ/mol22th525.0 kJ/mol23th557.0 kJ/mol24th585.0 kJ/mol25th730.0 kJ/mol26th770.0 kJ/mol27th800.0 kJ/mol28th840.0 kJ/mol29th930.0 kJ/mol30th970.0 kJ/mol31th1070.0 kJ/mol32th1110.0 kJ/mol33th1210.0 kJ/mol34th1290.0 kJ/mol35th1370.0 kJ/mol36th1440.0 kJ/mol37th1520.0 kJ/mol38th1590.0 kJ/mol39th1670.0 kJ/mol40th1750.0 kJ/mol41th1830.0 kJ/mol42th1910.0 kJ/mol43th1990.0 kJ/mol44th2070.0 kJ/mol45th2140.0 kJ/mol46th2220.0 kJ/mol47th2578.0 kJ/mol48th2646.0 kJ/mol49th2718.0 kJ/mol50th2794.0 kJ/mol51th2867.0 kJ/mol52th2938.0 kJ/mol53th3073.0 kJ/mol54th3147.0 kJ/mol55th3228.0 kJ/mol56th3301.0 kJ/mol57th3602.0 kJ/mol58th3675.0 kJ/mol59th3753.0 kJ/mol60th3827.0 kJ/mol61th4214.0 kJ/mol62th4299.0 kJ/mol63th4513.0 kJ/mol64th4598.0 kJ/mol65th7393.0 kJ/mol66th7550.0 kJ/mol67th7730.0 kJ/mol68th7910.0 kJ/mol69th8090.0 kJ/mol70th8260.0 kJ/mol71th8650.0 kJ/mol72th8830.0 kJ/mol73th9030.0 kJ/mol74th9210.0 kJ/mol75th9720.0 kJ/mol76th9870.0 kJ/mol77th10040.0 kJ/mol78th10200.0 kJ/mol79th11410.0 kJ/mol80th11600.0 kJ/mol81th11990.0 kJ/mol82th12160.0 kJ/mol83th25260.0 kJ/mol84th25680.0 kJ/mol85th26150.0 kJ/mol86th26590.0 kJ/mol87th31060.0 kJ/mol88th31640.0 kJ/mol89th32400.0 kJ/mol90th32836.5 kJ/mol91th129569.9 kJ/mol92th131816.2 kJ/molSuccessive Ionization Energies

Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines

424
592
386
503
U emission
380nm750nm
591.5 nm(100%)424.4 nm(50%)385.5 nm(50%)502.7 nm(30%)

Abundanceby mass

🌍Earth's Crust
2.7 ppm
🌊Ocean
3.3 ppb
✨Universe
200.0 ppt
🧬Human Body
1.0 ppb

Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass

Biological Role

Toxic

Radioactive and chemically toxic to kidneys. Depleted uranium used in armor-piercing munitions.

Discovery

Discovered By

Martin Klaproth

Named By

—

Year

1789

Nuclear Data

Known Isotopes

29

Stable Isotopes

0

Stable Mass Numbers

None

Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)

Isotopes of U29 known

NuclideZNMass (AMU)Half-lifeDecayJπAbundance
215U92123215.0267201.40 msα, β⁺5/2-—
216U92124216.0247636.90 msα (1%)0+—
217U92125217.024660850 μsα (1%), β⁻1/2-—
234U92142234.040950246 kyα (1%), SF (0.016399999999999998%), 28Mg (0.013999999999999999%), 26Ne (0.09%)0+0.5400%
235U92143235.043928704 Myα (1%), SF (0.07%), 20Ne (0.08%), 25Ne (0.08%), 28Mg (0.08%)7/2-72.0400%
238U92146238.0507874.46 Gyα (1%), SF (0.054400000000000004%), 2β⁻ (0.022000000000000002%)0+9927.4200%
241U92149241.060330Unknownβ⁻7/2+—
242U92150242.06293116.8 minβ⁻ (1%)0+—
243U92151243.067075Unknownβ⁻9/2-—

Click any isotope for its full page with decay chain:

215U216U217U218U219U220U221U222U223U224U225U226U227U228U229U230U231U232U233U234U235U236U237U238U239U240U241U242U243U
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