Periodic Table/Tungsten
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74W183.8400 Da

Tungsten

Transition Metal·Period 6, Group 6·s-block

White or grey metallic transition element,formerly called Wolfram. Forms a protective oxide in air and can be oxidized at high temperature. First isolated by Jose and Fausto de Elhuyer in 1783.

Gallery

Tungsten rod with oxidised surface, 80 grams. Original size in cm: 1.3 x 3

Jurii, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/tungsten.php

Bohr model of Tungsten

Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal

Atomic Mass

183.8400Da

Density

19.3000g/cm³

Phase (STP)

Solid

Melting Point

3687.2K

Boiling Point

5828.1K

Molar Heat

0.1320J/(mol·K)

Crystal Structure

BCC

Lattice Constant

3.160Å

Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals

Atomic (Empirical)

135.00pm

Covalent

137.00pm

Van der Waals

218.00pm

Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity

Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2

Electron Shells

2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2

Electronegativity

1.70Pauling

Electron Affinity

0.8kJ/mol

1st Ionization Energy

7.9kJ/mol

Oxidation States

-4, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6

Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion

↑↓
1s2
↑↓
2s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
2p6
↑↓
3s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3d10
↑↓
4s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4d10
↑↓
5s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
5p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4f14
↑
↑
↑
↑
5d4
↑↓
6s2

Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d4 6s2Short: [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2

Ionization Energies (74 known)

1st7.9 kJ/mol2nd16.4 kJ/mol3rd26.0 kJ/mol4th38.2 kJ/mol5th51.6 kJ/mol6th64.8 kJ/mol7th122.0 kJ/mol8th141.2 kJ/mol9th160.2 kJ/mol10th179.0 kJ/mol11th208.9 kJ/mol12th231.6 kJ/mol13th258.3 kJ/mol14th290.7 kJ/mol15th325.3 kJ/mol16th361.9 kJ/mol17th387.9 kJ/mol18th420.7 kJ/mol19th462.1 kJ/mol20th502.6 kJ/mol21th543.4 kJ/mol22th594.5 kJ/mol23th640.6 kJ/mol24th685.6 kJ/mol25th734.1 kJ/mol26th784.4 kJ/mol27th833.4 kJ/mol28th881.4 kJ/mol29th1132.2 kJ/mol30th1180.0 kJ/mol31th1230.4 kJ/mol32th1283.4 kJ/mol33th1335.1 kJ/mol34th1386.8 kJ/mol35th1459.9 kJ/mol36th1512.4 kJ/mol37th1569.1 kJ/mol38th1621.7 kJ/mol39th1829.8 kJ/mol40th1882.9 kJ/mol41th1940.6 kJ/mol42th1994.8 kJ/mol43th2149.1 kJ/mol44th2210.0 kJ/mol45th2354.5 kJ/mol46th2414.1 kJ/mol47th4057.0 kJ/mol48th4180.0 kJ/mol49th4309.0 kJ/mol50th4446.0 kJ/mol51th4578.0 kJ/mol52th4709.0 kJ/mol53th4927.0 kJ/mol54th5063.0 kJ/mol55th5209.0 kJ/mol56th5348.0 kJ/mol57th5719.0 kJ/mol58th5840.0 kJ/mol59th5970.0 kJ/mol60th6093.0 kJ/mol61th6596.0 kJ/mol62th6735.0 kJ/mol63th7000.0 kJ/mol64th7130.0 kJ/mol65th15566.0 kJ/mol66th15896.0 kJ/mol67th16252.0 kJ/mol68th16588.0 kJ/mol69th18476.0 kJ/mol70th18872.0 kJ/mol71th19362.0 kJ/mol72th19686.7 kJ/mol73th79181.9 kJ/mol74th80755.9 kJ/molSuccessive Ionization Energies

Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines

401
407
430
468
W emission
380nm750nm
400.9 nm(100%)407.4 nm(70%)430.2 nm(40%)468.1 nm(20%)

Abundanceby mass

🌍Earth's Crust
1.3 ppm
🌊Ocean
100.0 ppt
✨Universe
500.0 ppt
🧬Human Body—

Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass

Biological Role

Essential (trace)

Essential cofactor in some bacterial and archaeal enzymes (tungstoenzymes).

Discovery

Discovered By

Fausto and Juan José de Elhuyar

Named By

—

Year

1783

Nuclear Data

Known Isotopes

41

Stable Isotopes

4

Stable Mass Numbers

182, 183, 184, 186

Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)

Isotopes of W41 known

NuclideZNMass (AMU)Half-lifeDecayJπAbundance
157W7483156.978862275 msβ⁺ (1%), α (0%)7/2-—
158W7484157.9745651.43 msα (1%)0+—
159W7485158.9726968.20 msα (1%), β⁺7/2-—
180W74106179.9467131590000000 Gyα (1%), 2β⁺0+12.0000%
182Wstable74108181.948206Stableα0+2650.0000%
183Wstable74109182.950224Stableα1/2-1431.0000%
184Wstable74110183.950933Stableα0+3064.0000%
186Wstable74112185.954365Stable2β⁻, α0+2843.0000%
195W74121194.977735Unknownβ⁻3/2-—
196W74122195.979882Unknownβ⁻0+—
197W74123196.984036Unknownβ⁻5/2-—

Click any isotope for its full page with decay chain:

157W158W159W160W161W162W163W164W165W166W167W168W169W170W171W172W173W174W175W176W177W178W179W180W181W182W183W184W185W186W187W188W189W190W191W192W193W194W195W196W197W
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