Periodic Table/Yttrium
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39Y88.9058 Da

Yttrium

Transition Metal·Period 5, Group 3·s-block

Silvery-grey metallic element of group 3 on the periodic table. Found in uranium ores. The only natural isotope is Y-89, there are 14 other artificial isotopes. Chemically resembles the lanthanoids. Stable in the air below 400 degrees, celsius. Discovered in 1828 by Friedrich Wohler.

Gallery

6,21g Yttrium, Reinheit mindestens 99%.

Jan Anskeit, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Bohr model of Yttrium

Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal

Atomic Mass

88.9058Da

Density

4.4700g/cm³

Phase (STP)

Solid

Melting Point

1795.2K

Boiling Point

3618.2K

Molar Heat

0.2980J/(mol·K)

Crystal Structure

HEX

Lattice Constant

3.650Å

Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals

Atomic (Empirical)

180.00pm

Covalent

163.00pm

Van der Waals

232.00pm

Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity

Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d 5s2

Electron Shells

2, 8, 18, 9, 2

Electronegativity

1.22Pauling

Electron Affinity

0.3kJ/mol

1st Ionization Energy

6.2kJ/mol

Oxidation States

+1, +2, +3

Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion

↑↓
1s2
↑↓
2s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
2p6
↑↓
3s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3d10
↑↓
4s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4p6
↑
4d1
↑↓
5s2

Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d1 5s2Short: [Kr] 4d 5s2

Ionization Energies (39 known)

1st6.2 kJ/mol2nd12.2 kJ/mol3rd20.5 kJ/mol4th60.6 kJ/mol5th75.3 kJ/mol6th91.4 kJ/mol7th110.0 kJ/mol8th128.1 kJ/mol9th145.6 kJ/mol10th185.7 kJ/mol11th205.8 kJ/mol12th374.0 kJ/mol13th414.0 kJ/mol14th463.0 kJ/mol15th512.0 kJ/mol16th559.0 kJ/mol17th624.0 kJ/mol18th677.0 kJ/mol19th733.0 kJ/mol20th790.0 kJ/mol21th847.0 kJ/mol22th1010.0 kJ/mol23th1061.9 kJ/mol24th1120.2 kJ/mol25th1190.0 kJ/mol26th1253.0 kJ/mol27th1300.0 kJ/mol28th1427.6 kJ/mol29th1483.1 kJ/mol30th3562.9 kJ/mol31th3720.0 kJ/mol32th3892.0 kJ/mol33th4060.0 kJ/mol34th4299.0 kJ/mol35th4484.0 kJ/mol36th4724.0 kJ/mol37th4875.7 kJ/mol38th20415.7 kJ/mol39th21115.6 kJ/molSuccessive Ionization Energies

Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines

438
410
414
509
Y emission
380nm750nm
410.2 nm(100%)414.3 nm(70%)437.5 nm(50%)508.7 nm(20%)

Abundanceby mass

🌍Earth's Crust
33.0 ppm
🌊Ocean
13.0 ppt
✨Universe
7.0 ppb
🧬Human Body—

Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass

Biological Role

No biological role

No known biological role. Yttrium-90 used in cancer radiotherapy.

Discovery

Discovered By

Johann Gadolin

Named By

—

Year

1789

Nuclear Data

Known Isotopes

35

Stable Isotopes

1

Stable Mass Numbers

89

Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)

Isotopes of Y35 known

NuclideZNMass (AMU)Half-lifeDecayJπAbundance
75Y393674.965840Unknownβ⁺, β⁺p, p5/2+—
76Y393775.95893728.0 msβ⁺, p, β⁺p1-—
77Y393876.95014663.0 msβ⁺ (1%), β⁺p, p5/2+—
89Ystable395088.905838Stablestable (1%)1/2-10000.0000%
107Y3968106.95494333.5 msβ⁻ (1%), β⁻n, 2n5/2+—
108Y3969107.96051530.0 msβ⁻ (1%), β⁻n, 2n6-—
109Y3970108.96513125.0 msβ⁻ (1%), β⁻n, 2n5/2+—

Click any isotope for its full page with decay chain:

75Y76Y77Y78Y79Y80Y81Y82Y83Y84Y85Y86Y87Y88Y89Y90Y91Y92Y93Y94Y95Y96Y97Y98Y99Y100Y101Y102Y103Y104Y105Y106Y107Y108Y109Y
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