Periodic Table/Francium
← RnRa →
87Fr223 Da

Francium

Alkali Metal·Period 7, Group 1·s-block

Radioactive element, belongs to group 1 of the periodic table. Found in uranium and thorium ores. The 22 known isotopes are all radioactive, with the most stable being Fr-223. Its existence was confirmed in 1939 by Marguerite Perey.

Gallery

This is only an illustration, not francium itself.

Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/francium.jpg

Bohr model of Francium

Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal

Atomic Mass

223Da

Density

1.8700g/cm³

Phase (STP)

Solid

Melting Point

294.1K

Boiling Point

—

Molar Heat

—

Crystal Structure

BCC

Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals

Atomic (Empirical)

—

Covalent

223.00pm

Van der Waals

348.00pm

Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity

Electron Configuration

[Rn] 7s

Electron Shells

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1

Electronegativity

0.70Pauling

Electron Affinity

0.5kJ/mol

1st Ionization Energy

4.1kJ/mol

Oxidation States

+1

Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion

↑↓
1s2
↑↓
2s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
2p6
↑↓
3s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3d10
↑↓
4s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4d10
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4f14
↑↓
5s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
5p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
5d10
↑↓
6s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
6p6
↑
7s1

Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 7s1Short: [Rn] 7s

Ionization Energies (87 known)

1st4.1 kJ/mol2nd22.4 kJ/mol3rd33.5 kJ/mol4th39.1 kJ/mol5th50.0 kJ/mol6th67.0 kJ/mol7th80.0 kJ/mol8th106.0 kJ/mol9th120.0 kJ/mol10th179.0 kJ/mol11th200.0 kJ/mol12th222.1 kJ/mol13th245.0 kJ/mol14th269.0 kJ/mol15th293.0 kJ/mol16th324.0 kJ/mol17th349.0 kJ/mol18th375.0 kJ/mol19th400.0 kJ/mol20th530.0 kJ/mol21th560.0 kJ/mol22th590.0 kJ/mol23th620.0 kJ/mol24th690.0 kJ/mol25th720.0 kJ/mol26th810.0 kJ/mol27th850.0 kJ/mol28th910.0 kJ/mol29th980.0 kJ/mol30th1040.0 kJ/mol31th1110.0 kJ/mol32th1180.0 kJ/mol33th1250.0 kJ/mol34th1320.0 kJ/mol35th1380.0 kJ/mol36th1460.0 kJ/mol37th1530.0 kJ/mol38th1600.0 kJ/mol39th1670.0 kJ/mol40th1740.0 kJ/mol41th1810.0 kJ/mol42th2119.0 kJ/mol43th2182.0 kJ/mol44th2247.0 kJ/mol45th2317.0 kJ/mol46th2384.0 kJ/mol47th2450.0 kJ/mol48th2564.0 kJ/mol49th2631.0 kJ/mol50th2706.0 kJ/mol51th2774.0 kJ/mol52th3049.0 kJ/mol53th3115.0 kJ/mol54th3190.0 kJ/mol55th3257.0 kJ/mol56th3556.0 kJ/mol57th3635.0 kJ/mol58th3828.0 kJ/mol59th3907.0 kJ/mol60th6365.0 kJ/mol61th6516.0 kJ/mol62th6678.0 kJ/mol63th6849.0 kJ/mol64th7013.0 kJ/mol65th7172.0 kJ/mol66th7500.0 kJ/mol67th7670.0 kJ/mol68th7850.0 kJ/mol69th8020.0 kJ/mol70th8500.0 kJ/mol71th8640.0 kJ/mol72th8800.0 kJ/mol73th8950.0 kJ/mol74th9890.0 kJ/mol75th10070.0 kJ/mol76th10420.0 kJ/mol77th10590.0 kJ/mol78th22330.0 kJ/mol79th22730.0 kJ/mol80th23170.0 kJ/mol81th23570.0 kJ/mol82th27060.0 kJ/mol83th27590.0 kJ/mol84th28260.0 kJ/mol85th28683.4 kJ/mol86th113821.9 kJ/mol87th115857.5 kJ/molSuccessive Ionization Energies

Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines

718
Fr emission
380nm750nm
717.7 nm(100%)

Abundanceby mass

Biological Role

No biological role

Extremely radioactive and rare. No biological role.

Discovery

Discovered By

Marguerite Derey

Named By

—

Year

1939

Nuclear Data

Known Isotopes

37

Stable Isotopes

0

Stable Mass Numbers

None

Isotopes of Fr37 known

NuclideZNMass (AMU)Half-lifeDecayJπAbundance
197Fr87110197.0110082.30 msα (1%)7/2-—
198Fr87111198.01028215.0 msα (1%)3+—
199Fr87112199.0072696.60 msα (1%), β⁺1/2+—
231Fr87144231.04517517.6 sβ⁻ (1%)1/2+—
232Fr87145232.0494615.50 sβ⁻ (1%), β⁻SF5—
233Fr87146233.052518900 msβ⁻ (1%), β⁻n1/2+—

Click any isotope for its full page with decay chain:

197Fr198Fr199Fr200Fr201Fr202Fr203Fr204Fr205Fr206Fr207Fr208Fr209Fr210Fr211Fr212Fr213Fr214Fr215Fr216Fr217Fr218Fr219Fr220Fr221Fr222Fr223Fr224Fr225Fr226Fr227Fr228Fr229Fr230Fr231Fr232Fr233Fr
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