Periodic Table/Radon
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86Rn222 Da

Radon

Noble Gas·Period 6, Group 18·p-block

Colorless radioactive gaseous element, belongs to the noble gases. Of the twenty known isotopes, the most stable is Rn-222 with a half-life of 3.8 days. Formed by the radioactive decay of Radium-226. Radon itself decays into Polonium. Used in radiotherapy. As a noble gas, it is effectively inert, though radon fluoride has been synthesized. First isolated in 1908 by Ramsey and Gray.

Gallery

This is only an illustration, not radon itself. Radon is said to glow red in discharge tubes, although it practically is never used for this, due to its strong radioactivity.

Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/radon.php

Bohr model of Radon
Emission spectrum of Radon

Emission spectrum

Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal

Atomic Mass

222Da

Density

0.0091g/L

Phase (STP)

Gas

Melting Point

202.1K

Boiling Point

211.4K

Molar Heat

0.0940J/(mol·K)

Crystal Structure

FCC

Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals

Atomic (Empirical)

—

Covalent

142.00pm

Van der Waals

220.00pm

Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity

Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6

Electron Shells

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8

Electronegativity

—

Electron Affinity

—

1st Ionization Energy

10.7kJ/mol

Oxidation States

0, +2, +6

Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion

↑↓
1s2
↑↓
2s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
2p6
↑↓
3s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3d10
↑↓
4s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4d10
↑↓
5s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
5p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4f14
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
5d10
↑↓
6s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
6p6

Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6Short: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6

Ionization Energies (86 known)

1st10.7 kJ/mol2nd19.0 kJ/mol3rd29.4 kJ/mol4th36.9 kJ/mol5th52.9 kJ/mol6th64.0 kJ/mol7th88.0 kJ/mol8th102.0 kJ/mol9th154.0 kJ/mol10th173.9 kJ/mol11th195.0 kJ/mol12th218.0 kJ/mol13th240.0 kJ/mol14th264.0 kJ/mol15th293.0 kJ/mol16th317.0 kJ/mol17th342.0 kJ/mol18th367.0 kJ/mol19th488.0 kJ/mol20th520.0 kJ/mol21th550.0 kJ/mol22th580.0 kJ/mol23th640.0 kJ/mol24th680.0 kJ/mol25th760.0 kJ/mol26th800.0 kJ/mol27th850.0 kJ/mol28th920.0 kJ/mol29th980.0 kJ/mol30th1050.0 kJ/mol31th1110.0 kJ/mol32th1180.0 kJ/mol33th1250.0 kJ/mol34th1310.0 kJ/mol35th1390.0 kJ/mol36th1460.0 kJ/mol37th1520.0 kJ/mol38th1590.0 kJ/mol39th1660.0 kJ/mol40th1720.0 kJ/mol41th2033.0 kJ/mol42th2094.0 kJ/mol43th2158.0 kJ/mol44th2227.0 kJ/mol45th2293.0 kJ/mol46th2357.0 kJ/mol47th2467.0 kJ/mol48th2535.0 kJ/mol49th2606.0 kJ/mol50th2674.0 kJ/mol51th2944.0 kJ/mol52th3010.0 kJ/mol53th3082.0 kJ/mol54th3149.0 kJ/mol55th3433.0 kJ/mol56th3510.0 kJ/mol57th3699.0 kJ/mol58th3777.0 kJ/mol59th6169.0 kJ/mol60th6318.0 kJ/mol61th6476.0 kJ/mol62th6646.0 kJ/mol63th6807.0 kJ/mol64th6964.0 kJ/mol65th7283.0 kJ/mol66th7450.0 kJ/mol67th7630.0 kJ/mol68th7800.0 kJ/mol69th8260.0 kJ/mol70th8410.0 kJ/mol71th8570.0 kJ/mol72th8710.0 kJ/mol73th9610.0 kJ/mol74th9780.0 kJ/mol75th10120.0 kJ/mol76th10290.0 kJ/mol77th21770.0 kJ/mol78th22160.0 kJ/mol79th22600.0 kJ/mol80th22990.0 kJ/mol81th26310.0 kJ/mol82th26830.0 kJ/mol83th27490.0 kJ/mol84th27903.1 kJ/mol85th110846.3 kJ/mol86th112842.2 kJ/molSuccessive Ionization Energies

Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines

745
706
Rn emission
380nm750nm
745.0 nm(100%)705.5 nm(50%)

Abundanceby mass

🌍Earth's Crust—
🌊Ocean
6.0e-10 ppm
✨Universe—
🧬Human Body—

Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass

Biological Role

Toxic

Radioactive noble gas. Second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking.

Discovery

Discovered By

Fredrich Ernst Dorn

Named By

—

Year

1898

Nuclear Data

Known Isotopes

39

Stable Isotopes

0

Stable Mass Numbers

None

Isotopes of Rn39 known

NuclideZNMass (AMU)Half-lifeDecayJπAbundance
193Rn86107193.0097081.15 msα (1%)3/2-—
194Rn86108194.006146780 μsα (1%), β⁺0+—
195Rn86109195.0054227.00 msα (1%)3/2-—
229Rn86143229.04225711.9 sβ⁻ (1%)5/2+—
230Rn86144230.045271Unknownβ⁻0+—
231Rn86145231.049973Unknownβ⁻1/2+—

Click any isotope for its full page with decay chain:

193Rn194Rn195Rn196Rn197Rn198Rn199Rn200Rn201Rn202Rn203Rn204Rn205Rn206Rn207Rn208Rn209Rn210Rn211Rn212Rn213Rn214Rn215Rn216Rn217Rn218Rn219Rn220Rn221Rn222Rn223Rn224Rn225Rn226Rn227Rn228Rn229Rn230Rn231Rn
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