Manganese
Grey brittle metallic transition element. Rather electropositive, combines with some non-metals when heated. Discovered in 1774 by Scheele.
Gallery
W. Oelen, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal
Atomic Mass
54.9380Da
Density
7.3000g/cm³
Phase (STP)
Solid
Melting Point
1519.2K
Boiling Point
2334.2K
Molar Heat
0.4790J/(mol·K)
Crystal Structure
CUB
Lattice Constant
8.890Å
Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals
Atomic (Empirical)
140.00pm
Covalent
119.00pm
Van der Waals
205.00pm
Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Electron Shells
2, 8, 13, 2
Electronegativity
1.55Pauling
Electron Affinity
—
1st Ionization Energy
7.4kJ/mol
Oxidation States
-3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7
Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion
Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2Short: [Ar] 3d5 4s2
Ionization Energies (25 known)
Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines
Abundanceby mass
Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass
Biological Role
Cofactor for superoxide dismutase and other enzymes. Essential for bone formation.
Discovery
Discovered By
Johann Gahn
Named By
—
Year
1774
Nuclear Data
Known Isotopes
31
Stable Isotopes
4
Stable Mass Numbers
43, 44, 45, 55
Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)
Isotopes of Mn31 known
| Nuclide | Z | N | Mass (AMU) | Half-life | Decay | Jπ | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43Mnstable | 25 | 18 | 43.018647 | Stable | p | 5/2- | — |
| 44Mnstable | 25 | 19 | 44.008009 | Stable | p | 2- | — |
| 45Mnstable | 25 | 20 | 44.994654 | Stable | p | 5/2- | — |
| 55Mnstable | 25 | 30 | 54.938043 | Stable | stable (1%) | 5/2- | 10000.0000% |
| 71Mn | 25 | 46 | 70.982158 | Unknown | β⁻, β⁻n, 2n | 5/2- | — |
| 72Mn | 25 | 47 | 71.988009 | Unknown | β⁻, β⁻n, 2n | — | — |
| 73Mn | 25 | 48 | 72.992807 | Unknown | β⁻ | 5/2- | — |