Periodic Table/Antimony
← SnTe →
51Sb121.7600 Da

Antimony

Metalloid·Period 5, Group 15·p-block

Element of group 15. Multiple allotropic forms. The stable form of antimony is a blue-white metal. Yellow and black antimony are unstable non-metals. Used in flame-proofing, paints, ceramics, enamels, and rubber. Attacked by oxidizing acids and halogens. First reported by Tholden in 1450.

Gallery

Antimony crystal, 2 grams, 1 cm

Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/antimony.php

Bohr model of Antimony

Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal

Atomic Mass

121.7600Da

Density

6.6800g/cm³

Phase (STP)

Solid

Melting Point

903.8K

Boiling Point

1860.2K

Molar Heat

0.2070J/(mol·K)

Crystal Structure

RHL

Lattice Constant

4.510Å

Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals

Atomic (Empirical)

145.00pm

Covalent

140.00pm

Van der Waals

206.00pm

Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity

Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3

Electron Shells

2, 8, 18, 18, 5

Electronegativity

2.05Pauling

Electron Affinity

1.0kJ/mol

1st Ionization Energy

8.6kJ/mol

Oxidation States

-3, +3, +5

Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion

↑↓
1s2
↑↓
2s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
2p6
↑↓
3s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3d10
↑↓
4s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4d10
↑↓
5s2
↑
↑
↑
5p3

Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p3Short: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3

Ionization Energies (51 known)

1st8.6 kJ/mol2nd16.6 kJ/mol3rd25.3 kJ/mol4th43.8 kJ/mol5th55.0 kJ/mol6th99.5 kJ/mol7th117.0 kJ/mol8th139.0 kJ/mol9th162.0 kJ/mol10th185.0 kJ/mol11th214.0 kJ/mol12th238.0 kJ/mol13th265.0 kJ/mol14th292.0 kJ/mol15th317.0 kJ/mol16th420.0 kJ/mol17th447.0 kJ/mol18th479.0 kJ/mol19th510.0 kJ/mol20th552.0 kJ/mol21th584.0 kJ/mol22th657.0 kJ/mol23th693.3 kJ/mol24th1214.0 kJ/mol25th1285.0 kJ/mol26th1360.0 kJ/mol27th1441.0 kJ/mol28th1518.0 kJ/mol29th1606.0 kJ/mol30th1698.0 kJ/mol31th1781.0 kJ/mol32th1869.0 kJ/mol33th1954.0 kJ/mol34th2190.0 kJ/mol35th2266.0 kJ/mol36th2349.0 kJ/mol37th2428.0 kJ/mol38th2567.0 kJ/mol39th2654.0 kJ/mol40th2815.0 kJ/mol41th2900.0 kJ/mol42th6714.0 kJ/mol43th6929.0 kJ/mol44th7167.0 kJ/mol45th7390.0 kJ/mol46th7887.0 kJ/mol47th8140.0 kJ/mol48th8455.0 kJ/mol49th8669.5 kJ/mol50th35710.0 kJ/mol51th36668.2 kJ/molSuccessive Ionization Energies

Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines

600
613
475
465
Sb emission
380nm750nm
465.0 nm(100%)475.1 nm(50%)600.2 nm(40%)613.2 nm(30%)

Abundanceby mass

🌍Earth's Crust
200.0 ppb
🌊Ocean
240.0 ppt
✨Universe
400.0 ppt
🧬Human Body—

Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass

Biological Role

Toxic

Toxic, similar to arsenic. Antimony compounds used medicinally for leishmaniasis.

Discovery

Discovered By

Known to the ancients.

Named By

—

Year

—

Nuclear Data

Known Isotopes

41

Stable Isotopes

4

Stable Mass Numbers

102, 103, 121, 123

Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)

Isotopes of Sb41 known

NuclideZNMass (AMU)Half-lifeDecayJπAbundance
102Sbstable5151101.945142Stablep——
103Sbstable5152102.939162Stablep5/2+—
104Sb5153103.936344470 msβ⁺, β⁺p (0.07%), p (0.07%), α——
121Sbstable5170120.903811Stablestable (1%)5/2+5721.0000%
123Sbstable5172122.904215Stablestable (1%)7/2+4279.0000%
140Sb5189139.952345170 msβ⁻ (1%), β⁻n (0.23%), 2n (0.076%)3-—
141Sb5190140.957552103 msβ⁻ (1%), β⁻n, 2n7/2+—
142Sb5191141.96391880.0 msβ⁻ (1%), β⁻n, 2n——

Click any isotope for its full page with decay chain:

102Sb103Sb104Sb105Sb106Sb107Sb108Sb109Sb110Sb111Sb112Sb113Sb114Sb115Sb116Sb117Sb118Sb119Sb120Sb121Sb122Sb123Sb124Sb125Sb126Sb127Sb128Sb129Sb130Sb131Sb132Sb133Sb134Sb135Sb136Sb137Sb138Sb139Sb140Sb141Sb142Sb
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