Gallery
Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/tin.php
Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal
Atomic Mass
118.7100Da
Density
7.2870g/cm³
Phase (STP)
Solid
Melting Point
—
Boiling Point
2859.2K
Molar Heat
0.2270J/(mol·K)
Crystal Structure
TET
Lattice Constant
5.820Å
Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals
Atomic (Empirical)
145.00pm
Covalent
140.00pm
Van der Waals
217.00pm
Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Electron Shells
2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Electronegativity
1.96Pauling
Electron Affinity
1.1kJ/mol
1st Ionization Energy
7.3kJ/mol
Oxidation States
-4, +2, +4
Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion
Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p2Short: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Ionization Energies (50 known)
Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines
Abundanceby mass
Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass
Biological Role
Possibly essential in trace amounts for rats. Used in dental amalgam historically.
Discovery
Discovered By
Known to the ancients.
Named By
—
Year
—
Nuclear Data
Known Isotopes
42
Stable Isotopes
10
Stable Mass Numbers
112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 124
Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)
Isotopes of Sn42 known
| Nuclide | Z | N | Mass (AMU) | Half-life | Decay | Jπ | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 99Sn | 50 | 49 | 98.948495 | 24.0 ms | β⁺ (1%), β⁺p (0.05%) | 9/2+ | — |
| 100Sn | 50 | 50 | 99.938649 | 1.18 s | β⁺ (1%), β⁺p (0.17%) | 0+ | — |
| 101Sn | 50 | 51 | 100.935259 | 2.22 s | β⁺ (1%), β⁺p (0.21%) | 7/2+ | — |
| 112Snstable | 50 | 62 | 111.904825 | Stable | 2β⁺ | 0+ | 97.0000% |
| 114Snstable | 50 | 64 | 113.902780 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 66.0000% |
| 115Snstable | 50 | 65 | 114.903345 | Stable | stable (1%) | 1/2+ | 34.0000% |
| 116Snstable | 50 | 66 | 115.901743 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 1454.0000% |
| 117Snstable | 50 | 67 | 116.902954 | Stable | stable (1%) | 1/2+ | 768.0000% |
| 118Snstable | 50 | 68 | 117.901607 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 2422.0000% |
| 119Snstable | 50 | 69 | 118.903311 | Stable | stable (1%) | 1/2+ | 859.0000% |
| 120Snstable | 50 | 70 | 119.902203 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 3258.0000% |
| 122Snstable | 50 | 72 | 121.903445 | Stable | 2β⁻ | 0+ | 463.0000% |
| 124Snstable | 50 | 74 | 123.905280 | Stable | 2β⁻ | 0+ | 579.0000% |
| 138Sn | 50 | 88 | 137.951143 | 148 ms | β⁻ (1%), β⁻n (0.36%), 2n | 0+ | — |
| 139Sn | 50 | 89 | 138.957799 | 120 ms | β⁻ (1%), β⁻n, 2n | 5/2- | — |
| 140Sn | 50 | 90 | 139.962973 | Unknown | β⁻, β⁻n, 2n | 0+ | — |