Periodic Table/Indium
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49In114.8180 Da

Indium

Unknown·Period 5, Group 13·p-block

Soft silvery element belonging to group 13 of the periodic table. The most common natural isotope is In-115, which has a half-life of 6*10^4 years. Five other radioisotopes exist. Discovered in 1863 by Reich and Richter.

Gallery

1.5 x 1.5 cm liquid indium

Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/indium.php

Bohr model of Indium

Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal

Atomic Mass

114.8180Da

Density

7.3100g/cm³

Phase (STP)

Solid

Melting Point

429.7K

Boiling Point

2300.2K

Molar Heat

0.2330J/(mol·K)

Crystal Structure

TET

Lattice Constant

4.590Å

Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals

Atomic (Empirical)

155.00pm

Covalent

142.00pm

Van der Waals

193.00pm

Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity

Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p

Electron Shells

2, 8, 18, 18, 3

Electronegativity

1.78Pauling

Electron Affinity

0.3kJ/mol

1st Ionization Energy

5.8kJ/mol

Oxidation States

+1, +2, +3

Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion

↑↓
1s2
↑↓
2s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
2p6
↑↓
3s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
3d10
↑↓
4s2
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4p6
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓
4d10
↑↓
5s2
↑
5p1

Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p1Short: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p

Ionization Energies (49 known)

1st5.8 kJ/mol2nd18.9 kJ/mol3rd28.0 kJ/mol4th55.5 kJ/mol5th69.3 kJ/mol6th90.0 kJ/mol7th109.0 kJ/mol8th130.1 kJ/mol9th156.0 kJ/mol10th178.0 kJ/mol11th201.0 kJ/mol12th226.0 kJ/mol13th249.0 kJ/mol14th341.0 kJ/mol15th368.0 kJ/mol16th396.0 kJ/mol17th425.0 kJ/mol18th462.0 kJ/mol19th497.1 kJ/mol20th560.0 kJ/mol21th593.4 kJ/mol22th1043.0 kJ/mol23th1109.0 kJ/mol24th1181.0 kJ/mol25th1255.0 kJ/mol26th1328.0 kJ/mol27th1413.0 kJ/mol28th1496.0 kJ/mol29th1575.0 kJ/mol30th1659.0 kJ/mol31th1738.0 kJ/mol32th1961.0 kJ/mol33th2028.5 kJ/mol34th2111.0 kJ/mol35th2207.0 kJ/mol36th2317.0 kJ/mol37th2373.0 kJ/mol38th2555.0 kJ/mol39th2628.8 kJ/mol40th6126.0 kJ/mol41th6331.0 kJ/mol42th6554.0 kJ/mol43th6770.0 kJ/mol44th7196.0 kJ/mol45th7442.0 kJ/mol46th7754.0 kJ/mol47th7953.1 kJ/mol48th32837.6 kJ/mol49th33750.4 kJ/molSuccessive Ionization Energies

Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines

451
410
460
In emission
380nm750nm
451.1 nm(100%)410.2 nm(50%)460.0 nm(30%)

Abundanceby mass

🌍Earth's Crust
250.0 ppb
🌊Ocean
20.0 ppt
✨Universe
300.0 ppt
🧬Human Body—

Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass

Biological Role

No biological role

No known biological role.

Discovery

Discovered By

Ferdinand Reich, T. Richter

Named By

—

Year

1863

Nuclear Data

Known Isotopes

42

Stable Isotopes

1

Stable Mass Numbers

113

Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)

Isotopes of In42 known

NuclideZNMass (AMU)Half-lifeDecayJπAbundance
96In494795.959109Unknownβ⁺, p——
97In494896.94912536.0 msβ⁺ (1%), β⁺p (0.023%), p9/2+—
98In494997.94212930.0 msβ⁺ (1%), β⁺p (0.0013%)0+—
113Instable4964112.904060Stablestable (1%)9/2+428.1000%
115In4966114.903879441000 Gyβ⁻ (1%)9/2+9571.9000%
135In4986134.949425103 msβ⁻ (1%), β⁻n, 2n9/2+—
136In4987135.95601786.0 msβ⁻ (1%), β⁻n, 2n7-—
137In4988136.96153570.0 msβ⁻ (1%), β⁻n, 2n9/2+—

Click any isotope for its full page with decay chain:

96In97In98In99In100In101In102In103In104In105In106In107In108In109In110In111In112In113In114In115In116In117In118In119In120In121In122In123In124In125In126In127In128In129In130In131In132In133In134In135In136In137In
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