Xenon
Colourless, odourless gas belonging to group 18 on the periodic table (the noble gases.) Nine natural isotopes and seven radioactive isotopes are known. Xenon was part of the first noble-gas compound synthesized. Several others involving Xenon have been found since then. Xenon was discovered by Ramsey and Travers in 1898.
Gallery
Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/xenon.php
Emission spectrum
Physical Propertiesmass · density · phase · crystal
Atomic Mass
131.2930Da
Density
0.0054g/L
Phase (STP)
Gas
Melting Point
161.4K
Boiling Point
165.1K
Molar Heat
0.1580J/(mol·K)
Crystal Structure
FCC
Lattice Constant
6.200Å
Atomic Radiiatomic · covalent · van der Waals
Atomic (Empirical)
—
Covalent
131.00pm
Van der Waals
216.00pm
Electronic Propertieselectronegativity · ionization · affinity
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6
Electron Shells
2, 8, 18, 18, 8
Electronegativity
2.60Pauling
Electron Affinity
-0.1kJ/mol
1st Ionization Energy
12.1kJ/mol
Oxidation States
0, +2, +4, +6, +8
Orbital DiagramAufbau · Hund's rule · Pauli exclusion
Full: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6Short: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6
Ionization Energies (54 known)
Emission Spectrumvisible range · characteristic spectral lines
Abundanceby mass
Log scale · ppm = parts per million by mass
Biological Role
Inert noble gas with no biological role. Xenon used as general anesthetic.
Discovery
Discovered By
Sir William Ramsay; M. W. Travers
Named By
—
Year
1898
Nuclear Data
Known Isotopes
43
Stable Isotopes
8
Stable Mass Numbers
124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134
Natural isotopic abundance (IUPAC recommended values)
Isotopes of Xe43 known
| Nuclide | Z | N | Mass (AMU) | Half-life | Decay | Jπ | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 108Xe | 54 | 54 | 107.954232 | 72.0 μs | α (1%) | 0+ | — |
| 109Xe | 54 | 55 | 108.950435 | 13.0 ms | α (1%), β⁺, β⁺p | 7/2+ | — |
| 110Xe | 54 | 56 | 109.944259 | 93.0 ms | α (0.64%), β⁺ (0.36%), β⁺p | 0+ | — |
| 124Xestable | 54 | 70 | 123.905885 | Stable | 2β⁺ | 0+ | 9.5000% |
| 126Xestable | 54 | 72 | 125.904297 | Stable | 2β⁺ | 0+ | 8.9000% |
| 128Xestable | 54 | 74 | 127.903531 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 191.0000% |
| 129Xestable | 54 | 75 | 128.904781 | Stable | stable (1%) | 1/2+ | 2640.1000% |
| 130Xestable | 54 | 76 | 129.903509 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 407.1000% |
| 131Xestable | 54 | 77 | 130.905084 | Stable | stable (1%) | 3/2+ | 2123.2000% |
| 132Xestable | 54 | 78 | 131.904155 | Stable | stable (1%) | 0+ | 2690.9000% |
| 134Xestable | 54 | 80 | 133.905393 | Stable | 2β⁻ | 0+ | 1043.6000% |
| 136Xe | 54 | 82 | 135.907214 | 2180000000000 Gy | 2β⁻ (1%) | 0+ | 885.7000% |
| 148Xe | 54 | 94 | 147.958508 | 85.0 ms | β⁻ (1%), β⁻n, 2n | 0+ | — |
| 149Xe | 54 | 95 | 148.964573 | Unknown | β⁻, β⁻n, 2n | 3/2- | — |
| 150Xe | 54 | 96 | 149.968878 | Unknown | β⁻, β⁻n, 2n | 0+ | — |